Selasa, 30 Juni 2015

HOW IMPORTANT ENGLISH FOR ECONOMIC BUSINESS

Success in business is often hinged on one single important word – communication; and most of it happens in English.
The world is flat; the economic migrations of the past decades have become permanent expat communities. Asians, especially, continue to migrate to the United States or to Europe for jobs and live there permanently. Even for those involved in business from their native countries, if they want to sell to a larger market, need to understand the trends and the cultures of those markets. This is often best done through the common currency that is English. Love it or hate it, we simply can’t ignore it. Big businesses call the shots, so if in Germany you do as the Germans do, in the common world market, learn English.
In order to get ahead in your chosen field you need to make yourself completely understood by the people you work with. There will be emails; there will be telephone conversations, and they are costly! Knowing good English helps you to make your point faster. If you have a website that the whole world can see, you had better have content that is meaningful and accurate and does not embarrass you or harm your business.
Even within Indian companies, especially large corporations, the number of employees is too huge for personal, one-on-one communication. Hence the intranet is the notice board and all communications are made through it. Imagine a secretary who didn’t know grammar and punctuation sent out a company wide email – “meeting cancelled because of indisposed”.  Because of whom? Because of indisposed? Is indisposed the name of a person? Another Indian might scoff and laugh at the very poor grammar, or might even get the gist of it, but what about the impression you make on, say, foreign collaborators who receive the same email? And even if we ignore the impression we make, what about the issues that arise from miscommunication? People just don’t know what you mean. Written communication is as important as verbal.
Engineers typically are nonchalant about their lack of language skills, saying that they understand their core subjects and that’s enough.  I would say that it is not enough to understand the concepts through insight or genius, you need to communicate that you know. Think interviews and group discussions for job-seekers! You cannot do this without proficiency in a language.
And what about presentations? You might have the most brilliant idea in the world, but if you do not know how to get it across, you are lost. I have seen scores of presentations made by students who are too stumped or lazy to formulate simple, brief and attractive sentences in English, which are the backbone of any good presentations. What they do is to simply type into Google, move into relevant or sometimes irrelevant sites, copy a large section of content and simply paste it into their power point slides, without a thought as to how readable or attractive it might be. A little education here (either training through company intranets, or an on-line course, or some self motivated self-education) can go a long way. The employee will not only use better grammar and vocabulary, but will also use logical chunking and sizing of the content, so he only puts as much on a slide as is easy to read and understand. One point per slide, with an example if it is there.http://jeanebobby.blogspot.com/2015/06/how-important-english-for-economic.html

Sabtu, 06 Juni 2015

adverbal clause

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas softskill bahasa inggris yang berjudul 'Adverbial Clauses'.
Saya akan memberikan pengertian, penjelasan dan contoh dari adverbial clauses. Saya mengambil tulisan ini dari beberapa sumber dari internet. Menurut sumber yang saya kutip, inilah beberapa penjelasan serta contoh dari adverbial clauses. Apabila terjadi kesalahan dan kekurangan dalam tulisan ini, saya mohon maaf. semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca. terimakasih


ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

* Shut the door before you go out.
* You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
* By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
* No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

* They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
* The guard stood where he was positioned.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
* Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

* As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

* He did as I told him.
* You may finish it how you like.
* They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:

* They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
* He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

* Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
* The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
* The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Contoh:

* The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
* I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:

* He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:

* It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
* It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:

* She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
* They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
* Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
* This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Contoh:

* Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

Contoh:

* Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
* Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
* Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:

* Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
* Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
* Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:



Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.

Contoh:

1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

* While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
* While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
* Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

* While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
* While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.



7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

* If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
* She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
* Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
* In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
* The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
* We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.



















Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause


common conjunctions


function


example

time clauses


when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.[1]


These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.


Her father died when she was young.

conditional clauses


if, unless


These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.


If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.

purpose clauses


in order to, so that, in order that


These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.


They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.

reason clauses


because, since, as, given


These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.


I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.

result clauses


so..that


These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.


My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.

concessive clauses


although, though, while


These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.


I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now

place clauses


where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?")


These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.


He said he was happy where he was.

clauses of manner


as, like, the way


These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.


I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.

clauses of exclamation


what a(an), how, such, so


Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).


What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!
http://jeanebobby.blogspot.com/2015/06/adverbal-clause.html