Selasa, 30 Juni 2015

HOW IMPORTANT ENGLISH FOR ECONOMIC BUSINESS

Success in business is often hinged on one single important word – communication; and most of it happens in English.
The world is flat; the economic migrations of the past decades have become permanent expat communities. Asians, especially, continue to migrate to the United States or to Europe for jobs and live there permanently. Even for those involved in business from their native countries, if they want to sell to a larger market, need to understand the trends and the cultures of those markets. This is often best done through the common currency that is English. Love it or hate it, we simply can’t ignore it. Big businesses call the shots, so if in Germany you do as the Germans do, in the common world market, learn English.
In order to get ahead in your chosen field you need to make yourself completely understood by the people you work with. There will be emails; there will be telephone conversations, and they are costly! Knowing good English helps you to make your point faster. If you have a website that the whole world can see, you had better have content that is meaningful and accurate and does not embarrass you or harm your business.
Even within Indian companies, especially large corporations, the number of employees is too huge for personal, one-on-one communication. Hence the intranet is the notice board and all communications are made through it. Imagine a secretary who didn’t know grammar and punctuation sent out a company wide email – “meeting cancelled because of indisposed”.  Because of whom? Because of indisposed? Is indisposed the name of a person? Another Indian might scoff and laugh at the very poor grammar, or might even get the gist of it, but what about the impression you make on, say, foreign collaborators who receive the same email? And even if we ignore the impression we make, what about the issues that arise from miscommunication? People just don’t know what you mean. Written communication is as important as verbal.
Engineers typically are nonchalant about their lack of language skills, saying that they understand their core subjects and that’s enough.  I would say that it is not enough to understand the concepts through insight or genius, you need to communicate that you know. Think interviews and group discussions for job-seekers! You cannot do this without proficiency in a language.
And what about presentations? You might have the most brilliant idea in the world, but if you do not know how to get it across, you are lost. I have seen scores of presentations made by students who are too stumped or lazy to formulate simple, brief and attractive sentences in English, which are the backbone of any good presentations. What they do is to simply type into Google, move into relevant or sometimes irrelevant sites, copy a large section of content and simply paste it into their power point slides, without a thought as to how readable or attractive it might be. A little education here (either training through company intranets, or an on-line course, or some self motivated self-education) can go a long way. The employee will not only use better grammar and vocabulary, but will also use logical chunking and sizing of the content, so he only puts as much on a slide as is easy to read and understand. One point per slide, with an example if it is there.http://jeanebobby.blogspot.com/2015/06/how-important-english-for-economic.html

Sabtu, 06 Juni 2015

adverbal clause

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas softskill bahasa inggris yang berjudul 'Adverbial Clauses'.
Saya akan memberikan pengertian, penjelasan dan contoh dari adverbial clauses. Saya mengambil tulisan ini dari beberapa sumber dari internet. Menurut sumber yang saya kutip, inilah beberapa penjelasan serta contoh dari adverbial clauses. Apabila terjadi kesalahan dan kekurangan dalam tulisan ini, saya mohon maaf. semoga tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi pembaca. terimakasih


ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Adverbial Clause adalah Clause (anak kalimat) yang berfungsi sebagai Adverb, yakni menerangkan kata kerja.

Adverbial Clause biasanya diklasifikasikan berdasarkan "arti/maksud" dari Conjunction (kata penghubung yang mendahuluinya).

Jenis-jenis Adverbial Clause antara lain:

1. Clause of Time

Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti after, before, no sooner, while, as, dll.

Contoh:

* Shut the door before you go out.
* You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
* While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
* By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
* No sooner had she entered than he gave an order.

2. Clause of Place

Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti where, nowhere, anywhere, wherever, dll.

Contoh:

* They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
* The guard stood where he was positioned.
* Where there is a will, there is a way.
* Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
* Go where you like.

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, dll.

Contoh:

* As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
* Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
* Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
* He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

4. Clause of Manner

Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti as, how, like, in that, dll.

Contoh:

* He did as I told him.
* You may finish it how you like.
* They may beat us again, like they did in 1978.

5. Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

Contoh:

* They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
* He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

6. Clause of Cause and Effect

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat. Ada beberapa pola membentuk Clause jenis ini. Perhatikan baik-baik.

Contoh:

* Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
* It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
* The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
* The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Contoh:

* The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
* I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Contoh:

* He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
* The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Contoh:

* It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. ATAU It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
* It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. ATAU It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Contoh:

* She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
* They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
* Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
* This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

Di samping itu, untuk mengungkapkan hubungan cause and effect (sebab dan akibat) dapat digunakan pola lain, yaitu:

1. Menggunakan Preposition (kata depan) seperti because of, due to, due to the fact that, dll

Contoh:

* Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
* Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
* Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Menggunakan kata penghubung (conjunction) seperti because, since, now, that, as, as long as, inasmuch as

Contoh:

* Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
* Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
* As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
* Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Menggunakan transition words seperti therefore, consequently.

Contoh:

* Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
* Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
* Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Catatan:



Beberapa Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrases dengan cara:

1) Menghilangkan subjek dari dependent Clause dan verb (be).

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

2) Jika dalam Adverb Clause tidak ada be, hilangkanlah subjek dan ubahlah verb dalam Adverb Clause itu menjadi bentuk -ing.

Contoh:

a. ADVERB CLAUSE : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.

b. MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Adverb Clause dapat diubah menjadi Modifying Phrase jika subjek dari adverb Clause dan subjek dari main Clause sama.

Contoh:

1. DAPAT DIRUBAH

* While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
* While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep MENJADI While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
* Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends MENJADI Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. TIDAK DAPAT DIRUBAH

* While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep.
* While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.



7. Clause of Condition

Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti if, even if, unless, in the even that, or in even that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), dll.

Contoh:

* If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
* She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
* Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
* In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
* The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
* We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.



















Kinds of adverbial clauses

kind of clause


common conjunctions


function


example

time clauses


when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,til, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.[1]


These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.


Her father died when she was young.

conditional clauses


if, unless


These clauses are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences.


If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.

purpose clauses


in order to, so that, in order that


These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.


They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard.

reason clauses


because, since, as, given


These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.


I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.

result clauses


so..that


These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.


My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.

concessive clauses


although, though, while


These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.


I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now

place clauses


where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?")


These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.


He said he was happy where he was.

clauses of manner


as, like, the way


These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.


I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them.

clauses of exclamation


what a(an), how, such, so


Exclamations are used to express anger, fear, shock, surprise etc. They always take an exclamation mark (!).


What horrible news! How fast she types! You lucky man!
http://jeanebobby.blogspot.com/2015/06/adverbal-clause.html



Kamis, 30 April 2015

artikel bahasa inggris



NAMA       :  JEANE BOBBY LESTARI
NPM          :  15214610
KELAS      :  1EA29
MATKUL  :  BAHASA INGGRIS (SOFTSKILL)
MATERI   :  ARTIKEL TENTANG BISNIS (ARTICLE ABOUT BUSINESS)



BNI, Mandiri target sharp increase in personal loans


Major lenders Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) and Bank Mandiri expect to book a sharp increase in their personal loans this year to compensate the expected slowdown in the corporate lending segment.

BNI consumer banking director Anggoro Eko Cahyo said the state lender projected a 55 percent annual increase in its personal lending segment, which is also known as payroll-based loans.

“We hope to capitalize on our corporate banking clients, especially big firms as they have large workforce. We are looking to handle their payrolls and that will open up way for our personal loans,” he said recently.

 Last year, BNI had Rp 1.26 trillion (US$97.47 million) in its personal lending portfolio and it jacked up the figure to Rp 1.35 trillion by the end of March.

The 55 percent growth target, which will be higher than the 41.9 percent growth achieved in 2014, is expected to boost the portfolio to reach at least Rp 1.96 trillion in 2015.

Anggoro said that despite the current small contribution to the overall lending, personal loan segment held a considerable business potential due to its relatively higher average ticket size.

Our personal loans can go up to Rp 100 million per person, higher than the average Rp 10 million booked in our credit card segment,” he said, adding that it would stick to payroll clients for the personal loan business to ensure credit quality.

In overall consumer business segment, Anggoro said that BNI was upbeat about posting 15 percent to 17 percent rise this year, sending the outstanding amount to between Rp 59.83 trillion and Rp 60.87 trillion.

Besides on payroll-based loan, BNI relies on mortgage as well for positive consumer business growth in 2015.

Its mortgage — which makes up for the largest part of the consumer loan — is expected to grow at the same pace, with 15 percent to 17 percent. Part of that growth will hopefully be generated from a planned policy ease that being prepared by financial regulators.

“If the regulators decide to reduce the down payment requirement for home loans, I think we will see a revival in mortgage market,” he said.

Indonesia’s major banks have estimated there would be a decline in the growth of the corporate loans as many companies cut down their budget to cope with the country’s economic slowdown.

Meanwhile, Mandiri, another state lender, is also optimistic about its personal loan business in 2015. It estimates that personal loan will record a 30 percent to 35 percent increase to revolve between Rp 15.86 trillion and Rp 16.47 trillion.

Similar to BNI, Mandiri consumer banking director Hery Gunardi said that it seeks to benefit from its own corporate clients as they provided entry into deeper personal loan market.

“We mainly offer the personal loans to people whose companies already partner with us for payroll. That way, we’ll have a complete database and reduces risks too,” he said.

According to data from Mandiri, personal loans accounted to 18.6 percent — equal to Rp 12.1 trillion — of the total consumer loans during the January to March period. Compared to a year ago, the segment reported a 21.6 percent rise.

“It remains one of our most preferred consumer loan segment, besides credit card, automotive loan and mortgage,” Hery added.

He said that Mandiri hoped to see its consumer banking business climb at least to Rp 81.47 trillion by year-end, 30 percent higher from 2014.

To reach the overall target, it sets a 40 percent annual growth in its automotive loans, 13 percent to 15 percent annual growth in credit card and 14 to 15 percent annual growth in mortgage.

“Hopefully consumer loan will rebound in the second half after it reported lackluster result last year,” Hery said.



Life insurer BNI Life — a subsidiary of state lender Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) — aims to be among the top five insurance firms in terms of new business premiums by 2019 as it seeks to capitalize fresh funds from its new shareholder, Japan’s Sumitomo Life Insurance Company.

BNI Life president director Budi Tampubolon said the company was eyeing the top-five list, an achievement that would propel its position from 13th place last year.

“We have formulated a new business plan that will see us optimize our relations with existing shareholders,” he said in a discussion held recently.

BNI Life is currently 60 percent controlled by BNI and 40 percent owned by Sumitomo. The latter officially became a stakeholder in the life insurer in May 2014, after completing an Rp 4.2 trillion (US$323.25 million) acquisition of shares.

Following the acquisition, the firm’s risk-based capital (RBC) ratio now stands at 2,500 percent, much higher than the 120 percent benchmark set by the financial regulator.

The RBC ratio is commonly used to determine the capital adequacy of a life insurance company.

Supported by the increase in capital, Budi said that BNI Life was looking to improve its information technology (IT) system, boost the number of its agents, open new branches and develop more bancassurance business with parent company BNI.

“In bancassurance, we hope to be present in all of BNI’s branches. At the moment, we are present at 800 branches, covering only half of BNI’s network,” he said.

BNI Life commissioner Masaya Honjo, who sits as one of Sumitomo’s representatives in the firm, said the Japanese company was bringing in its own expertise to assist BNI Life in fulfilling its target.

“Sumitomo has the largest bancassurance business in Japan right now and it possesses the IT expertise as well. If we can implement that expertise in BNI Life, I’m sure we can enter the top five even sooner, in less than five years,” he told reporters.

For this year alone, BNI has set its total premium income target at Rp 3.8 trillion. If achieved, it will see the figure climb by more than double from the Rp 1.5 trillion posted in its 2014 unaudited financial report.

In terms of net profit, it is eyeing as much as Rp 280 billion, also more than double the Rp 128 billion reaped in 2014.

“We are optimistic because by the end of January, we already booked Rp 35 billion in net profit. If we continue at the same pace, we may surpass the net profit target by year-end,” explained Budi.

Meanwhile, Yap Tjay Soen, BNI Life president commissioner, who is also BNI finance director, said he believed the life insurer would be able to provide better fee-income business for the bank compared to previous years.

Data from BNI shows that insurance made up for Rp 1.07 billion — equal to 0.5 percent only — of its fee-based income in the consumer and retail segment in 2014.



State lender Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) overhauled its management almost entirely on Tuesday, but drastic changes in the bank’s business focus are not expected.

In an annual general shareholders meeting on Tuesday, BNI shareholders agreed to install new executives on its boards of directors and commissioners. Nine members of the board of directors have been appointed — from 10 previously — most of whom are new faces.

Achmad Baiquni, previously serving as finance director at state Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), was chosen to take the helm at BNI. His appointment as BNI’s new president director is considered a comeback, since Baiquni began his banking career at BNI in 1984.

He left for BRI in 2010 and was seen as one of BRI’s key figures during the past few years. Up until 2014, BRI was listed as the bank with the highest net profit and the largest bank-only asset.

Sutanto became the only “surviving” BNI director to be reappointed for a second term. There were three other directors eligible for reappointment, but none of them was re-elected.

BNI welcomed Rizal Ramli as its president commissioner as well in the meeting. Rizal was a minister during the administrations of former president Abdurrahman “Gus Dur” Wahid and former president Megawati Soekarnoputri, and was a close aide to the latter.

In addition to Rizal, the bank also welcomed Pradjoto, Zulkifli Zaini and Pataniari Siahaan.

Both Pradjoto and Zulkifli were known as Bank Mandiri figures, further fueling speculation that their presence at BNI is meant to smooth the planned consolidation between BNI and Mandiri.

Pataniari, on the other hand, is an Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) member and former legislator at the House of Representatives.

Rizal’s and Pataniari’s appointments came a day after the assignment of Cahaya Dwi Rembulan Sinaga — known for volunteering on the presidential campaign team of Joko “Jokowi” Widodo — as a Mandiri commissioner.

According to State-Owned Enterprises Ministry assistant minister for business services Gatot Trihargo, the ministry has asked the Financial Services Authority (OJK) to speed up the screening of the new management to enable its members to promptly assume their new duties.

Bob Tyasika Ananta, one of the newly elected directors, said that BNI would stay on its current course, citing its five-year business plan.

“Our business focus will stay the same, which comprises business banking and consumer and retail banking. There may be adjustments here and there because of the current economic situation. We just have to be more prudent,” he explained.

In business banking, BNI has set eight priority sectors, including wholesale trading, electricity and agriculture, while in consumer and retail, it will continue to focus on providing home financing, among other things.

The bank hopes to achieve 14 to 16 percent growth in lending and between 12 and 14 percent growth in third-party funds in 2015.


State lender Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) hopes to issue yen-denominated bonds, popularly known as “samurai bonds”, next year as it seeks to generate long-term financing for major infrastructure projects.

BNI treasury and financial institutions director Suwoko Singoastro said that the bank would look for opportunities to issue around US$1 billion-worth of debt papers in Japan in 2016.

“We would like to issue the debt papers up to that amount, even though we plan on setting the minimum amount at $500 million. We will issue the bonds in yen, but will immediately swap the proceeds into US dollars,” he said on the sidelines of a cross-currency swap agreement event with national carrier Garuda Indonesia on Monday.

BNI plans on using funds generated from the samurai bonds to finance upcoming major projects and to repay some if its maturing loans that will become due in 2017, according to Suwoko.

It hopes its current partnerships with around 54 Japanese regional lenders will help BNI achieve the issuance target as they are expected to purchase the debt papers, along with its other corporate clients in Japan.

The selection of the Japanese market as the next bond issuance destination was also based on BNI’s robust business in the country, Suwoko added.

He previously said that its operations in Japan currently contribute the most to the bank’s profits of all its overseas operations. Besides having foreign offices located in Tokyo and Osaka, BNI now also has them in Hong Kong, London, New York and Singapore.

BNI business banking director Krishna R. Suparto acknowledged that the bond issuance would help the lender match its financing needs with its funding sources.

“We are looking into various projects at the moment, especially infrastructure ones that are promoted by the government. Funds from the sale of debt papers will definitely meet our funding needs for the projects because of their long maturity profile,” he said.

Some of the projects that BNI is setting its sights on include the development of toll roads, seaports and electricity transmission infrastructure.

Now infrastructure-related projects make up for 8 percent of our total business banking loans. We hope to see the portfolio rise this year, but we are waiting for more clarity from the government regarding its priority list,” Krishna added.

The latest data from BNI show that by the end of 2014, its outstanding business banking loans reached Rp 207.18 trillion ($16.31 billion). An 8 percent figure would put infrastructure lending at only Rp 16.57 trillion of the total business banking segment.

The government itself has frequently expressed its intention to speed up infrastructure work across the country, in an effort to accelerate economic growth in the next five years.

Infrastructure spending has received the second-largest budget allocation this year after education spending, getting around Rp 281.1 trillion, as stated in the revised 2015 state budget draft.

Meanwhile, Suwoko added that the bank had begun holding talks with state oil and gas firm PT Pertamina and state electricity firm PT PLN to meet their hedging needs.

Following the issuance of hedging regulations by Bank Indonesia and the State-Owned Enterprise Ministry, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are now required to carry out hedging mechanisms to secure their foreign-denominated transactions.

Both Pertamina and PLN are reportedly the SOEs with the largest foreign exchange needs at the moment, amounting to hundreds of millions of US dollars per day each.

According to Suwoko, BNI may have to partner with other lenders to provide hedging services to the two companies, citing their vast amount of US dollar needs
.

Senin, 23 Maret 2015

tugas bahasa inggris - direct and indirect



                Direct speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutib. Indirect speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.
Direct speech menggunakan :
a.       simple present tense : subject + V1 + Object                                                                     
digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan / kegiatan yg terjadi pd waktu sekarang atau suatu  kebiasaan sehari-hari dan bersifat umum.
b.      present continous tense : subject +to be 1 +(verb + ing)+object                              
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perebuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadipada saat dibicarakan.
c.       present perfect tense : subject + have/has +verb 3 +object
digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu perebuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang terjadi di masa lampau.
d.      present perfect continous tense : subject + have/has + been +(verb + ing) + objectdigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbutan yang dimulai dimasa lampau dan                 terus berlangsung sampai saat ini atau suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang diawali dimasa    lampau dan baru saja selesai pada saat berbicara .
e.       simple past tense : subject + verb 2 + object                                                                    
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kkegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan waktu terjadinya peristiwa itutelah diketahui.
f.        simple future tense : subject + will/shall + v1 + object                                                   
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan ter dimasa yang akan datang.
g.       future continous tense : subject + will/shall + be + (verb +ing) + object                 
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuiatan yang akan sedang berlangsung di waktu ttu dimasa yang akan datang.
                Sedangkan indirect menggunakan :
a.       simple past tense : subject + v2 + object
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya peristiwa itu telah diketahui.


b.      past continous tense : subject + to be 2 + (verb + ing) + object
digunakan untuk menunjukan dua kejadian yg terjadi pada saat yuang bersamaan, akan tetapi kejadian pertama sudah terlebih dahulu dan masih terjadi saat kejadian kedua terjadi.

c.       pass perfect tense : subject + had + verb 3 + object
digunakan untuk menunjukan perbuatan atau peeristiwa yang dimulai atau terjadi dimasaa lampau dan terus berlangsung.

d.      past perfect continous tense : subject + have /has + been + (verb +ing) + object
diguinakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yg dimulai dimasa lampau dan terus berlangsung sampai saat ini atau baru saja selesai saat dikatakan.

e.      pass perfect tense : subject + had + verb 3 +object
digunakan untuk menunjukan perbuatan atau peristiwa yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan selesai di masa lampau berikutnya.

f.        pass future tense : subject + should/would + v1 + object
digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yg akan terjadi di masa lampau ttpi tdk jadi dilakukan  karena sebab tertentu.

g.       pass future continous tense : subject + would / should + have + been + (verb+ ing)object
digunakan untuk menunjukan peristiwa yang akan telah sedang  terjadi diwaktu yg akan dtg dimasa lampau.

Contoh kalimat
1.       Simple present tense
Toni said,”I always … hungry if I don’t breakfast in the morning”.
a.       Get
b.      Got
c.       Make
d.      Made
The answer is a. Get

2.       Simpe present tense
“I …  that rainbow”,said Rina.
a.       Loves
b.      Love
c.       Loved
d.      Loving
The answer is b. Love

3.       Simple present tense
“She … English everyday”, said Joe.
a.       Speak
b.      Speaks
c.       Speaking
d.      Spoke
The answer is b. speaks

4.       Simple past tense
Tara said that … got some bread in that morning.
a.       I
b.      You
c.       They
d.      She
The answer is d. she

5.       Pass continous tense
Cloe said that when you arrived at home she was ...
a.       Sleep
b.      Sleeping
c.       sleeps
d.      Running
The answer is b. sleeping

6.       Pass continous tense
Mom said that when I … my toy she was washing her clothes.
a.       Play
b.      Played
c.       Plays
d.      Playing
The answer ius b. played

7.       Pass continous tense
Cici said that when you … the game, they  was swimming in the pool”.
a.       Play
b.      Playing
c.       Played
d.      Plays
The answer is c. played


8.       Pass continous tense
Doni said that he was … your window when you slept that night.
a.       Push
b.      Pushed
c.       Knock
d.      Knocking
The answer is d. knocking

9.       Pass continous tense
Sue said that when he left his home, he was … in the kitchen.
a.       Cook
b.      Cooked
c.       Cooking
d.      cooks
the answer is c.cooking


10.   Simple future tense
Harry said, “he … be back home tomorrow.
a.       Will
b.      Want
c.       Would
d.      Can
The answer is c. Will


11.   Simple future tense
Susi said, “she she will be … if you dare.
a.       Fall
b.      Fallen
c.       Falls
d.      Falling
The answer is b. fallen

12.   Simple future tense
“the party … start at 10.00 a.m”, said Fred.
a.       Can
b.      Could
c.       Will
d.      Would
The answer is c. will

13.   Simple future tense
Tara said,” he will … his homework that night.
a.       Does
b.      Did
c.       Make
d.      Making
The answer is a. does

14.   Present continous tense
Mom sad, “I am watching movie …”
a.       Now
b.      Tomorrow
c.       Yesterday
d.      That day
The answer is a. now


15.   Present continous tense
Jema said,” he is … the letter this time.
a.       Write
b.      Wrote
c.       Writing
d.      Writed
The answer is c. writing

16.   Present continous tense
“Now I am … volley ball with my friends”, Teo said.
a.       Play
b.      Played
c.       Playing
d.      Plays
The answer is c. playing

17.   Present continous tense
“I … eating now”,said Lili
a.       Don’t
b.      Does
c.       Did
d.      Didn’t
The answer is a. don’t


18.    Present continous tense
Jojo said, “I am not … this morning”.
a.       Run
b.      Running
c.       Runs
d.      Runner
The answer is b. running

19.   Pass perfect tense
“my brother had already … by the time I got home”, said Cucu.
a.       Eat
b.      Eats
c.       Eating
d.      Eaten
The answer is d. eaten

20.   Past perfect tense
“my teacher had not … the class when we got there”, said Tommy.
a.       Leave
b.      Leaves
c.       Left
d.      Leaving
The answer is c. left